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Impact of Different Lawn Maintenance on Terrestrial Invertebrate Biodiversity
Klán, Jan ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Škodová, Jana (referee)
This paper focuses on differences in the composition of invertebrate communities in grasslands with different management of green space management. It was carried out on four research plots with different management types (no-till, regular treatment with a power mower, treatment with a scythe, treatment with grazing). The main objective of the work is to demonstrate, using a sample of captured spiders, centipedes, millipedes, earwigs, and leafhoppers, which form of grassland habitat management is the most appropriate in terms of biodiversity richness. Other sub-objectives were to obtain local data on the variability of soil moisture in the study plots, air humidity and temperature. These values will illustrate an idea of the habitat of the captured animals. In terms of biodiversity, the grazed habitat proved to be the richest (a total of 84 species captured). This was followed by the no-mow habitat (83 species), mowed (76) and finally mowed with a mower (74). Mowed habitat was the poorest. In all habitats, the highest number of spider species was always captured, followed by crickets, and an order of magnitude fewer millipedes, centipedes, millipedes, and starlings were captured. One species of chrysalis was captured, which is listed on the Red List of Threatened Species of the Czech Republic. This...
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Communities of millipedes (.i.Diplopoda./i.) and centipedes (.i.Chilopoda./i.) in changing conditions of montane spruce forests of the Šumava Mountains
Tajovský, Karel
In the nineties of the past century, large climax Norway spruce (.i.Picea abies./i.) areas of the Šumava Mountains were damaged by the bark beetle outbreak. The subsequent decay of spruce growths become the object of interest for management practice, nature protection as well as research activities. While the changes in forest growths under the bark beetle outbreak were well visible, there were no information about the impact of these processes and subsequent management practices used (clear cutting, spontaneous development of dead growths) on soil environments and existing communities of soil organisms. Within the soil zoological research in 1999-2010 near the localities Březník and Studená hora Mt., qualitative and quantitative parameters of millipede and centipede assemblages were studied in undamaged, damaged and dead forest stands, and in differently old clearings. Combination of methods of pitfall trapping and soil sampling served data about the composition and changes of communities of both invertebrate groups.
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Communities of millipedes and centipedes in the naturally disturbed and rehabilitated mountain spruce forests of the Šumava Mts.
VELÍŠEK, Lukáš
The aim of the study was to describe and compare the communities of soil invertebrates esp. millipedes and centipedes at selected localities in the Březník area, the Šumava National Park. The work pursues the two approaches to the management of the mountain spruce forests which were affected by bark beetle and where their remediation has been applied or they have been left to the spontaneous development. Non-intervention management has a positive impact on the populations of millipedes and centipedes comparing to the assemblages of other soil invertebrates. In the case two types of management, they are no significant differences in the composition of soil macrofauna in both studied variants.
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The impact of ungulates on epigeic assemblages of centipedes (Chilopoda) in the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area - preliminary results
Aurová, Klára
The Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic) represents a unique region covered in a high portion by forest ecosystems. Densities of ungulates in the forests are unusually high. Their impact on ecosystem is important, especially due to the removal and consumption of herbage, trampling of soil and vegetation, and the return of excreta. The aim of field study was to elucidate the impact of ungulates on soil invertebrates represented by centipedes. In this paper the first data about possible impact of ungulates on epigeic assemblage of centipedes are presented. In total, 9 centipede species were recorded. The species .i.Lithobius mutabilis./i. was dominant during the whole observation in all monitored plots. At the beginning of the experiment in 1994, this centipede outweighed other species with 91 %. After 12 years in 2006 the amount of other species arose almost up to 1/4 outside and more than 1/3 inside the fenced plots.
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Changes in centipede assemblages (Chilopoda) along the vertical and vegetation gradient in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland
Wytwer, J. ; Tajovský, Karel
Changes in community parameters of the centipede assemblages in habitats with different vegetation along the vertical gradient were studied in the Bieszczady National Park, Poland. Ten stands, from riparian alder forest through eutrophic beech forests to open habitats in subalpine grasslands, within the altitude range 612–1,218 m a.s.l. were sampled. Pitfall trapping and soil sampling were used for the collection of animals since June 2005 till June 2006. In total, 848 specimens of centipedes belonging to 19 species were sampled. Among them, the species .i.Lithobius latro./i. was recorded in Poland for the first time. .i.Lithobius lucifugus, Strigamia transsilvanica, Geophilus insculptus, Schendyla carniolensis./i. were found in this region of Poland for the first time. Specimens of the genus .i.Stenotaenia./i. recorded in the study sites represent a new stenotopic species. Between 7 and 14 species were found in each stand.
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Millipede (Diplopoda) and centipede (Chilopoda) faunas in the spruce forests of the Bohemian Forest affected by bark beetle outbreak
Tajovský, Karel
Zoological research in the spruce forests of the Bohemian Forest affected since the nineties of the past century by bark beetle outbreak showed that the climax spruce growths are characterised by specific species composition of millipedes and centipedes. Clear cuttings expressed a decrease of their densities. Dead forests without any management showed increase of millipede populations; centipede numbers decreased but no changes in their species spectrum was observed. Spontaneous succession of dead forest growths represents more considerate variant of management towards the specific soil conditions.
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Společenstva stonožek na opuštěných polích s různou ovlivněnou diverzitou rostlin
Wytwer, J. ; Tajovský, Karel
Centipede assemblages were investigated in a field experiment aimed at assessing the effect of different plant diversity manipulations on the development of vegetation and soil fauna. Randomised blocks with continued crop rotation (CCR), natural colonisation (NC), low-diversity seed mixture (LDT), and high-diversity seed mixture (HDT) were sampled for centipedes in April to May 2002 through 2004. Species composition, dominance structure, densities and diversity indices in individual treatments were determined. A total of six centipede species were found in the study plots over the whole period of observation. Unlike .i.Lithobius nodulipes, L. microps, L. lapidicola, Schendyla nemorensis, Geophilus oligopus./i., only .i.G. truncorum./i. occurred and predominated throughout the observation period in all treatments and plots. The lowest density (4.8-14.4 ind.m.sup.-2./sup.) was always restricted to CCR plots.
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Navážka substrátu a inokulace stonožek (Chilopoda) na výsypky po těžbě hnědého uhlí
Voženílková-Aurová, Klára
Piles of upper soil taken from non-disturbed surroundings of the mine were deposited on the spoil heap area denuded by soil slide to accelerate succession and development of soil fauna on colliery spoil heaps. Development of soil fauna was investigated as from May 1995 till May 1998. Epigeic activity of centipedes was monitored by the method of long term pitfall trapping on the tops of the piles, between piles and on the soil slide in the distance of 50 m from the piles (control plot). The development of the centipede assemblage on the piles was similar to that on the reclaimed spoil heaps. .i.Lamyctes emarginatus./i., known as a pioneer species in young successive stage of the heaps, predominated at the beginning of the experiment. Later on, the numbers of .i.Lamyctes emarginatus./i. decreased because of increasing activity of other centipede species, especially .i.Lithobius microps./i..
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Stonožky smrkových lesů Moravskoslezských Beskyd, Česká republika
Wytwer, J. ; Tajovský, Karel
Centipede communities (Chilopoda) were studied in five spruce forests (.i.Picea abies./i.) in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts., Northern Moravia, Czech Republic. Investigations were carried out from 1988 to 1993 and afterwards repeatedly in the years 1996-1997 in 5 to 134 year-old forest stands situated at the localities Bílý Kříž and Kněhyně. The stands differed in altitude, in air pollution and degree of tree defoliation. A total of 15 species of centipedes was found in all stands studied. The most abundant species occurring in all studied stands were .i.Lithobius mutabilis, L. forficatus, L. burzenlandicus burzenlandicus, Geophilus insculptus./i.. The centipedes .i.L. burzenlandicus burzenlandicus, G. insculptus./i. predominated mainly in the soil samples, .i.L. forficatus./i. was abundant in pitfall traps only. The mean densities of the whole centipede communities ranged from 9.0 to 194.6 ind.m-2 in 1988-1993, the highest densities were characteristic for the youngest spruce stand.
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